Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller, mark r. The four types of refrigeration systems you need to know. Refrigeration and air conditioning systems onboard ships vapour compression systems moving heat from a lower temperature to higher temperature requires work to be done, according to second law of thermodynamics and this work can be done in many ways in different systems. An hvac system helps people keep their homes at a temperature thats comfortable.
Guide to hvac design, theory of operation, and primary. This section highlights some of the basic principles of air conditioning for those who would benefit from additional knowledge in this area. Explain the basics of heat theory and the basic principles of refrigeration. The main purpose of refrigeration is thermal conditioning e. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course principles of refrigeration 32 hours, 32 nate cehs, 3. Title artculated, performancebased instruction objectives.
Dossat principles of refrigeration john wiley 1961 acrobat 7 pdf 35. A motor that is drawing too much current will overheat and burn out. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology, 7th edition. Air conditioner working principle in summer air conditioning system. Working principle, types and comparison with vapor compression system, saving potential. The material in this ebook also appears in the print version of this title. Air conditioning and refrigeration by rex miller mark r. The ohmmeter uses leads to com plete the circuit to the device under test. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course principles. Remembering 1, 3 8 if in an air refrigeration plant, the temperatures of air entering and leaving the expander are 300k and 200k respectively, determine the cop of the plant assuming. Nature does not work according to humanitys schedule. The outside air flows through the damper and mixed with recirculated air which is obtained from the conditioned space. A form of air treatment whereby temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air cleanliness are all controlled within limits determined by the requirements of the air conditioned enclosure.
Alternatives to using solar energy are to use waste heat from different industrial proc. Some comments are also given regarding component development, mainly focusing on compressors and heat exchangers. Solar airconditioning might be a way to reduce the demand for electricity. Introduction to trade, general safety precautions and first aids, history of refrigeration and air conditioning. Refrigeration manual when people should go to the books stores, search initiation by shop, shelf by shelf, it is truly problematic. In addition many solar air conditioning systems are constructed in ways that eliminate the need for cfc, hcfc or hfc refrigerants. Introduction psychometrics heat and moisture transfer. Often installed into a single system, these three functions of the hvac system are closely interrelated to provide thermal comfort and to. Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, refrigerants, coefficient of performance, capacity, factors affecting refrigeration and air conditioning system performance and savings opportunities. Air conditioning theory there are two laws that are significant to understand the basic refrigeration cycle and air conditioning. This is the building system that regulates the inside temperature of the building and, in some systems, the air quality as well. Special university course for future engineers lecture notes. The articles referenced here will give you a full and complete. In a large system there will also be a tangle of tubes to distribute the air and collect it again.
However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle diagram works. Refrigeration and air conditioning ebook is well guided with all topics. Document resume ed 251 645 ce 040 232 author henderson, william edward, jr. Download solution refrigeration air conditioning stoecker. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf by william c. The basic principles are those of thermodynamics, and. Air conditioning and refrigeration troubleshooting handbook pdf title of the book. For air conditioning calculations, the value of standard air is used for altitudes up to 2,000 ft. An introduction to the basic principles and practices of. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air.
Refrigeration and air conditioning by stoecker and jones pdf discover, share, and present presentations and infographics with the worlds largest professional content sharing cesses, and summer and winter air read your own pdf on kindle conditioning. Function, working, use, specifications of refrigeration tools, instruments and equipment. As air heats up, it expands and therefore weighs less. Anotherimilar s scenario would be a refrigeration system containing air, as in table 3. Apart from the described products for refrigeration and air conditioning applications, we offer a comprehensive standard program for the measurement of pressure, temperature and level. Airconditioning and refrigeration systems use the principles of heat transfer to produce cooling and. However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle. As a utilitiesman, one of your duties will be to install, operate, maintain, and repair air conditioning systems to provide the required comfort in working spaces. Understanding of a the relevant basic concepts and principles in basic science subjects physics, chemistry and mathematics so that heshe is able to understand the different vocational subjects. May 21, 2007 as air heats up, it expands and therefore weighs less. This liquid changes to gas and evaporates as it extracts heat from the air around it and in low pressure conditions it again gets converted to liquid and after entering into the normal pressure region this again changes into gas.
Schematic for a typical summer air conditioning system is arranged. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the. Refrigeration and air conditioning systems onboard ships. It is shown that co 2 is a viable alternative refrigerant for all these application areas. As a utilitiesman, one of your duties will be to install, operate, maintain, and repair airconditioning systems to provide the required comfort in working spaces. But your air conditioner actually removes warm air and recirculates it as cool air. Their function is simply to turn refrigerant flow on and off. Refrigeration and air conditioning is the subject which deals with the techniques to control the environments of the living and nonliving subjects and thus provide them comforts to enable them to perform better and have longer lives.
Basic refrigeration principles are covered in an earlier unit. Refrigeration is the achievement of temperatures below that of the local environment. Pdf refrigeration and air conditioning third edition johana c. Hvac is an acronym for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. An central air conditioning system includes both the cooling and heating of air and cleans the air as well as controls the moisture level. Stage description 1 when the solenoid coil is electrically energized, it produces a. In almost every dryexpansion refrigeration system above a certain capacity, solenoid. Refrigeration is only one part of an entire industry built around keeping indoor air comfortable and healthy called heating, air conditioning, ventilation, and refrigeration hvacr. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration cycle one of the. Heating and airconditioning principles 3 212f 212f 212f 1 gram of vapor 540 calories 1 gram water 1 pound of vapor 970 btus 1 pound water heat heat figure the latent heat of vaporization that water vapor stores is released when the vapor condenses to a liquid. Chilledwater systems one of the systems series air. On completion of this course, students should be able to 1. Care and maintenance of tool, instruments and equipments.
Supermarket refrigerated cases and building air conditioning systems typically have larger quantities of refrigerant. Chiller, how it works working principle hvac in this video we learn how an absorption. Fundamentals of mechanical refrigeration systems course content. Principles of refrigeration this book has been written especially for use in programs where a full curriculum in refrigeration is offered. It is based on the second law of thermodynamics that the heat can made to flow from cold body to a hot body with the help of external source. Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Miller professor, industrial technology the university of texas at tyler tyler, texas mcgrawhill new york chicago san francisco lisbon london madrid mexico city milan new delhi san juan seoul singapore sydney toronto. Nature of heat heat is a form of energy contained to some extent in every substance on earth. The term refrigeration is commonly associated with something cold. Refrigeration and air conditioning stoecker and jones pdf refrigeration and air conditioning by stoecker jonesmost of the refrigeration.
The five commercially available refrigeration cycles are. In this system, the air is cooled and generally dehumidified. This is both a building system designed to keep the environment comfortable for building occupants and the industry that supports these systems. Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an area or a substance and is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration. Refrigeration and air conditioning by stoecker and jones pdf. Because these systems are often assembled onsite, they are more often subject to leaks. Solar air conditioning might be a way to reduce the demand for electricity.
Refrigeration and air conditioning technology gunt hamburg. Air is a noncondensable and will get trapped in the top of the condenser. The vaporcompression and absorption refrigeration cycles are the two most common cycles used in commercial air conditioning. The heating, ventilation and air conditioning hvac and refrigeration. The principles of hvac design include the basic theory of system operation and the factors that determine the size and capacity of the equipment installed in. A solenoid valveis an electromechanical valve frequently used to control the flow of liquid or gas. Working principle, types and comparison with vapor compression system, saving potential 4. Air conditioning and refrigeration rex miller professor emeritus state university college at buffalo buffalo, new york mark r. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf. Refrigeration and airconditioning is the subject which deals with the techniques to control the environments of the living and nonliving subjects and thus provide them comforts to enable them to perform better and have longer lives. Definitions solenoid valves are found in many applications and are commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Refrigeration working principle pdf plant but who wish to extend their knowledge on the basic principles of. Vapor compression, absorption, gas cycle, steam jet and thermoelectric, of which the most popular is the vapor compression cycle. Basic principles of refrigeration air conditioning, heating.
The basic refrigeration cycle is similar for many refrigeration and air. Contents this brochure assists you in selecting the right instruments. Almost all heat pumps work on the principle of the vapour compression cycle. The basic principles are those of thermodynamics, and these principles as. Use of the voltammeter is a quick way of testing the airconditioning or refrigeration unit motor that is drawing too much current. Without air conditioning people tire easily and feel lethargic, resulting in low morale and productivity. Standard air is dry air at sea level with a temperature of 70f. I have uploaded this ebook in pdf format which is easy to download. May 15, 2018 refrigeration is only one part of an entire industry built around keeping indoor air comfortable and healthy called heating, air conditioning, ventilation, and refrigeration hvacr. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. The operating principle of the refrigeration cycle was described mathematically by sadi carnot in 1824 as a heat engine.
This book has been written especially for use in programs where a full curriculum in refrigeration is offered. You dont have to be an airconditioning expert to use spot coolers, but understanding the basics of air conditioning will help you understand how spot coolers work. The refrigeration cycle is a key differentiating characteristic between chiller types. However, the material covered and the method of presentation are such that the text is also suitable for adult evening classes and for onthejob training and selfinstruction. Refrigeration and air conditioning training course. Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver expansion. The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of work from a compressor and uses the vapor compression cycle. When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. In order to have a better understanding if these systems, you need to know some of the principles behind hvac design. Solenoid valves and their importance in refrigeration systems. In addition many solar airconditioning systems are constructed in ways that eliminate the need for cfc, hcfc or hfc refrigerants. It uses the evaporation of a refrigerant, like freon, to provide cooling.
How air conditioning works the essential ingredients in an air conditioning system are a fan to blow air around, a cold surface to cool and dehumidify the air, a warm surface and a source of water vapour. Handbook of air conditioning and refrigeration authors. Guide for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heating. Mechanical refrigeration works by changing the the majority of heat is removed from the the majority of the works by removedchanging the absorbed heat is state of the refrigerant. The content is in a format appropriate for students who are attending classes fulltime while preparing for their first job, for. Refrigeration and air conditioning 4th edition rac book by gf hundy, ar trott and tc welch title of the book. A form of air treatment whereby temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. A whole universe of science exists behind the ways refrigeration operates to keep the world cooler. Get free ebook on refrigeration and air conditioning, complete chapters are mentioned in this ebook. Guide for air conditioning, refrigeration, and help the.
Apart from the described products for refrigeration and airconditioning applications, we offer a comprehensive standard program for the measurement of pressure, temperature and level. Learning drawing of various systems of refrigeration and air conditioning. A column of air, one inch square and 60 miles high weighs 14. Function benefits solenoid valves offer fast and safe switching, reliability, long life and compact design. Heat and refrigeration principles learning objective.
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